{"id":2973,"date":"2021-11-28T13:15:54","date_gmt":"2021-11-28T12:15:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogperso.union31.fr\/?p=2973"},"modified":"2022-02-19T08:00:09","modified_gmt":"2022-02-19T07:00:09","slug":"linux-commande-disque-en-cours-de-redaction","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogperso.union31.fr\/?p=2973","title":{"rendered":"Linux &#8211; Commande disque (en cours de r\u00e9daction)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Sommaire<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/blogperso.union31.fr\/?p=2973\/#I_introduction\" >I introduction<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/blogperso.union31.fr\/?p=2973\/#II_Commandes_pratiques\" >II Commandes pratiques<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/blogperso.union31.fr\/?p=2973\/#II1_Disques\" >II.1 Disques<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/blogperso.union31.fr\/?p=2973\/#II2_Partitions_sur_les_disques\" >II.2 Partitions sur les disques<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/blogperso.union31.fr\/?p=2973\/#II3_Filesystem\" >II.3 Filesystem<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/blogperso.union31.fr\/?p=2973\/#II4_Points_de_montage\" >II.4 Points de montage<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/blogperso.union31.fr\/?p=2973\/#III_Swap\" >III Swap<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/blogperso.union31.fr\/?p=2973\/#IV_Les_fichiers\" >IV Les fichiers<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/blogperso.union31.fr\/?p=2973\/#IV1_Taille_repertoiresfichiers\" >IV.1 Taille r\u00e9pertoires\/fichiers<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/blogperso.union31.fr\/?p=2973\/#IV2_Droits_sur_les_fichiers_repertoires\" >IV.2 Droits sur les fichiers \/ r\u00e9pertoires<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/blogperso.union31.fr\/?p=2973\/#IV3_Commandes_utiles\" >IV.3 Commandes utiles<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"i-introduction\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"I_introduction\"><\/span>I introduction<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Quelques commandes permettant de listes ses disques et partitions, cr\u00e9er un swap (fichier) et d\u00e9tails sur les fichiers .<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"ii-commandes-pratiques\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"II_Commandes_pratiques\"><\/span>II Commandes pratiques<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"ii-1-disques\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"II1_Disques\"><\/span>II.1 Disques<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Brouillon : <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>outil DD : copie de disque \/ partition<ul><li>aborder le clone de disque<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>grub<\/li><li>cr\u00e9ation partition mem<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-background has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>Informations via les fichiers disponibles sur l&rsquo;OS <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:20%\">\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">ls -l \/sys\/block <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:80%\">\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 nov. 27 18:17 loop0 -&gt; ..\/devices\/virtual\/block\/loop0\n...\nlrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 nov. 27 18:17 loop8 -&gt; ..\/devices\/virtual\/block\/loop8\nlrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 nov. 27 18:17 loop9 -&gt; ..\/devices\/virtual\/block\/loop9\n<span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 nov. 27 18:17 sda -&gt; ..\/devices\/pci0000:00\/0000:00:17.0\/ata3\/host2\/target2:0:0\/2:0:0:0\/block\/sda<\/span>\n<span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 nov. 28 19:33 sdb -&gt; ..\/devices\/pci0000:00\/0000:00:14.0\/usb2\/2-4\/2-4:1.0\/host3\/target3:0:0\/3:0:0:0\/block\/sdb<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Nous avons ici une clef USB (sbd), un disque dur (sda) et des disques virtuels (loopX).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:20%\">\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">cat \/proc\/partitions<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:80%\">\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">major minor  #blocks  name\n\n   7        0     227568 loop0\n   7        1          4 loop1\n...\n   7        7     101824 loop7\n   <span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">8        0  500107608 sda<\/span>\n   8        1     102400 sda1\n   8        2      16384 sda2\n   8        3   69381136 sda3\n   8        4     524288 sda4\n   8        5  430080000 sda5\n   7        8     222628 loop8\n...\n   7       18     253856 loop18\n   <span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">8       16   15187968 sdb<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Nous avons ici la liste des partitions et disques.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Informations via des commandes sp\u00e9cifiques<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">udisksctl status<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">MODEL                     REVISION  SERIAL               DEVICE\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------\nSK hynix SC311 SATA 512GB 70000P10  MS82N114611002P4X    sda     \nKINGSTON DataTraveler 3.0 1.01      60A44C3FAE22AF20600003ED sdb<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"ii-2-partitions-sur-les-disques\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"II2_Partitions_sur_les_disques\"><\/span>II.2 Partitions sur les disques<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">lsblk<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT\nloop0 7:0 0 222,2M 1 loop \/snap\/code\/82\n...\nloop19 7:19 0 503M 1 loop \/snap\/netbeans\/52\n<span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\"><strong>sda 8:0 0 477G 0 disk\n\u251c\u2500sda1 8:1 0 100M 0 part \/boot\/efi\n\u251c\u2500sda2 8:2 0 16M 0 part\n\u251c\u2500sda3 8:3 0 66,2G 0 part\n\u251c\u2500sda4 8:4 0 512M 0 part\n\u2514\u2500sda5 8:5 0 410,2G 0 part \/\nsdb 8:16 1 14,5G 0 disk \/media\/xavior\/KINGSTON<\/strong><\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">sudo lsblk -J -O\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"json\" class=\"language-json\">...\n{\"name\":\"sdb\", \"kname\":\"sdb\", \"path\":\"\/dev\/sdb\", \"maj:min\":\"8:16\", \"fsavail\":\"8,6G\", \"fssize\":\"14,5G\", \"fstype\":\"vfat\", \"fsused\":\"5,9G\", \"fsuse%\":\"40%\", \"mountpoint\":\"\/media\/xavior\/KINGSTON\", \"label\":\"KINGSTON\", \"uuid\":\"647A-695C\", \"ptuuid\":null, \"pttype\":null, \"parttype\":null, \"partlabel\":null, \"partuuid\":null, \"partflags\":null, \"ra\":128, \"ro\":false, \"rm\":true, \"hotplug\":true, \"model\":\"DataTraveler_3.0\", \"serial\":\"60A44C3FAE22AF20600003ED\", \"size\":\"14,5G\", \"state\":\"running\", \"owner\":\"root\", \"group\":\"disk\", \"mode\":\"brw-rw----\", \"alignment\":0, \"min-io\":512, \"opt-io\":0, \"phy-sec\":512, \"log-sec\":512, \"rota\":true, \"sched\":\"mq-deadline\", \"rq-size\":2, \"type\":\"disk\", \"disc-aln\":0, \"disc-gran\":\"0B\", \"disc-max\":\"0B\", \"disc-zero\":false, \"wsame\":\"0B\", \"wwn\":null, \"rand\":true, \"pkname\":null, \"hctl\":\"3:0:0:0\", \"tran\":\"usb\", \"subsystems\":\"block:scsi:usb:pci\", \"rev\":\"1.01\", \"vendor\":\"KINGSTON\", \"zoned\":\"none\"}\n...<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<p>Extrait du JSON g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9 &#8230;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"json\" class=\"language-json\">{\n  \"name\": \"sdb\",\n  \"kname\": \"sdb\",\n  \"path\": \"\/dev\/sdb\",\n  \"maj:min\": \"8:16\",\n  \"fsavail\": \"8,6G\",\n  \"fssize\": \"14,5G\",\n  \"fstype\": \"vfat\",\n  \"fsused\": \"5,9G\",\n  \"fsuse%\": \"40%\",\n  \"mountpoint\": \"\/media\/xavior\/KINGSTON\",\n  \"label\": \"KINGSTON\",\n  \"uuid\": \"647A-695C\",\n  \"ptuuid\": null,\n  \"pttype\": null,\n  \"parttype\": null,\n  \"partlabel\": null,\n  \"partuuid\": null,\n  \"partflags\": null,\n  \"ra\": 128,\n  \"ro\": false,\n  \"rm\": true,\n  \"hotplug\": true,\n  \"model\": \"DataTraveler_3.0\",\n  \"serial\": \"60A44C3FAE22AF20600003ED\",\n  \"size\": \"14,5G\",\n  \"state\": \"running\",\n  \"owner\": \"root\",\n  \"group\": \"disk\",\n  \"mode\": \"brw-rw----\",\n  \"alignment\": 0,\n  \"min-io\": 512,\n  \"opt-io\": 0,\n...<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">sudo blkid<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">\/dev\/<strong>sda5<\/strong>: UUID=\"1e6402aa-22a8-4774-ba35-ea349e77b9a0\" TYPE=\"ext4\" PARTUUID=\"2387e047-dd21-478c-b516-7eae04ffe50f\"<\/mark>\n\/dev\/loop0: TYPE=\"squashfs\"\n...\n\/dev\/loop7: TYPE=\"squashfs\"\n<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">\/dev\/<strong>sda1<\/strong>: UUID=\"5070-83DD\" TYPE=\"vfat\" PARTLABEL=\"EFI system partition\" PARTUUID=\"81c7cbb6-8bad-4e7d-b615-c0b3e4c91d41\"\n\/dev\/<strong>sda2<\/strong>: PARTLABEL=\"Microsoft reserved partition\" PARTUUID=\"6abb2420-e479-4193-82f7-67b6d9d55707\"\n\/dev\/<strong>sda3<\/strong>: UUID=\"9A5E79B35E798931\" TYPE=\"ntfs\" PARTLABEL=\"Basic data partition\" PARTUUID=\"7b7a6b0d-078d-49a3-9221-0b07ee7f7470\"\n\/dev\/<strong>sda4<\/strong>: UUID=\"A004C45D04C43854\" TYPE=\"ntfs\" PARTUUID=\"b4c80130-4ae9-4ac7-b24d-04ec223465ca\"<\/mark>\n\/dev\/loop8: TYPE=\"squashfs\"\n...\n\/dev\/loop19: TYPE=\"squashfs\"\n<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">\/dev\/<strong>sdb<\/strong>: LABEL=\"KINGSTON\" UUID=\"647A-695C\" TYPE=\"vfat\"<\/mark><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"ii-3-filesystem\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"II3_Filesystem\"><\/span>II.3 Filesystem<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Liste les syst\u00e8me de fichiers disponible :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">cat \/proc\/filesystems<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">nodev\tsysfs\nnodev\ttmpfs\nnodev\tbdev\nnodev\tproc\nnodev\tcgroup\nnodev\tcgroup2\nnodev\tcpuset\nnodev\tdevtmpfs\nnodev\tconfigfs\nnodev\tdebugfs\nnodev\ttracefs\nnodev\tsecurityfs\nnodev\tsockfs\nnodev\tbpf\nnodev\tpipefs\nnodev\tramfs\nnodev\thugetlbfs\nnodev\tdevpts\n\text3\n\text2\n\text4\n\tsquashfs\n\tvfat\nnodev\tecryptfs\n\tfuseblk\nnodev\tfuse\nnodev\tfusectl\nnodev\tefivarfs\nnodev\tmqueue\nnodev\tpstore\nnodev\tautofs\nnodev\tbinfmt_misc\nnodev\tcifs\nnodev\tsmb3\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"ii-4-points-de-montage\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"II4_Points_de_montage\"><\/span>II.4 Points de montage<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">cat \/proc\/mounts<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">sysfs \/sys sysfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0\nproc \/proc proc rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0\nudev \/dev devtmpfs rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,size=8097576k,nr_inodes=2024394,mode=755,inode64 0 0\ndevpts \/dev\/pts devpts rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000 0 0\ntmpfs \/run tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,size=1626480k,mode=755,inode64 0 0\n\/dev\/sda5 \/ ext4 rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro 0 0\nsecurityfs \/sys\/kernel\/security securityfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0\ntmpfs \/dev\/shm tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev,inode64 0 0\ntmpfs \/run\/lock tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,size=5120k,inode64 0 0\ntmpfs \/sys\/fs\/cgroup tmpfs ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,mode=755,inode64 0 0\ncgroup2 \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/unified cgroup2 rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,nsdelegate 0 0\ncgroup \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/systemd cgroup rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,xattr,name=systemd 0 0\npstore \/sys\/fs\/pstore pstore rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0\nefivarfs \/sys\/firmware\/efi\/efivars efivarfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0\nnone \/sys\/fs\/bpf bpf rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,mode=700 0 0\ncgroup \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/perf_event cgroup rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,perf_event 0 0\ncgroup \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/devices cgroup rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,devices 0 0\ncgroup \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/cpuset cgroup rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpuset 0 0\ncgroup \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/cpu,cpuacct cgroup rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpu,cpuacct 0 0\ncgroup \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/hugetlb cgroup rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,hugetlb 0 0\ncgroup \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/net_cls,net_prio cgroup rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,net_cls,net_prio 0 0\ncgroup \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/pids cgroup rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,pids 0 0\ncgroup \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/memory cgroup rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,memory 0 0\ncgroup \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/blkio cgroup rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,blkio 0 0\ncgroup \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/rdma cgroup rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,rdma 0 0\ncgroup \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/freezer cgroup rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,freezer 0 0\nsystemd-1 \/proc\/sys\/fs\/binfmt_misc autofs rw,relatime,fd=28,pgrp=1,timeout=0,minproto=5,maxproto=5,direct,pipe_ino=23156 0 0\nhugetlbfs \/dev\/hugepages hugetlbfs rw,relatime,pagesize=2M 0 0\nmqueue \/dev\/mqueue mqueue rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0\ndebugfs \/sys\/kernel\/debug debugfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0\ntracefs \/sys\/kernel\/tracing tracefs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0\nfusectl \/sys\/fs\/fuse\/connections fusectl rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0\nconfigfs \/sys\/kernel\/config configfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0\n\/dev\/loop1 \/snap\/bare\/5 squashfs ro,nodev,relatime 0 0\n\/dev\/loop2 \/snap\/core\/11798 squashfs ro,nodev,relatime 0 0\n\/dev\/loop3 \/snap\/code\/83 squashfs ro,nodev,relatime 0 0\n\/dev\/loop4 \/snap\/core20\/1242 squashfs ro,nodev,relatime 0 0\n\/dev\/loop5 \/snap\/core20\/1270 squashfs ro,nodev,relatime 0 0\n\/dev\/loop0 \/snap\/code\/82 squashfs ro,nodev,relatime 0 0\n\/dev\/loop6 \/snap\/gnome-3-38-2004\/87 squashfs ro,nodev,relatime 0 0\n\/dev\/loop7 \/snap\/gtk-common-themes\/1515 squashfs ro,nodev,relatime 0 0\n\/dev\/loop8 \/snap\/core18\/2253 squashfs ro,nodev,relatime 0 0\n\/dev\/loop9 \/snap\/core\/11993 squashfs ro,nodev,relatime 0 0\n\/dev\/loop10 \/snap\/gnome-3-34-1804\/77 squashfs ro,nodev,relatime 0 0\n\/dev\/loop11 \/snap\/snap-store\/547 squashfs ro,nodev,relatime 0 0\n\/dev\/loop12 \/snap\/snapd\/14066 squashfs ro,nodev,relatime 0 0\n\/dev\/loop13 \/snap\/gnome-3-34-1804\/72 squashfs ro,nodev,relatime 0 0\n\/dev\/loop14 \/snap\/snap-store\/558 squashfs ro,nodev,relatime 0 0\n\/dev\/loop15 \/snap\/snapd\/14295 squashfs ro,nodev,relatime 0 0\n\/dev\/loop16 \/snap\/gtk-common-themes\/1519 squashfs ro,nodev,relatime 0 0\n\/dev\/loop17 \/snap\/core18\/2246 squashfs ro,nodev,relatime 0 0\n\/dev\/loop18 \/snap\/netbeans\/50 squashfs ro,nodev,relatime 0 0\n\/dev\/loop19 \/snap\/netbeans\/52 squashfs ro,nodev,relatime 0 0\n\/dev\/sda1 \/boot\/efi vfat rw,relatime,fmask=0077,dmask=0077,codepage=437,iocharset=iso8859-1,shortname=mixed,errors=remount-ro 0 0\nbinfmt_misc \/proc\/sys\/fs\/binfmt_misc binfmt_misc rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0\ntmpfs \/run\/user\/1000 tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,size=1626476k,mode=700,uid=1000,gid=1000,inode64 0 0\ngvfsd-fuse \/run\/user\/1000\/gvfs fuse.gvfsd-fuse rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,user_id=1000,group_id=1000 0 0\n\/dev\/fuse \/run\/user\/1000\/doc fuse rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,user_id=1000,group_id=1000 0 0\ntmpfs \/run\/snapd\/ns tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,size=1626480k,mode=755,inode64 0 0\nnsfs \/run\/snapd\/ns\/snap-store.mnt nsfs rw 0 0\n\/dev\/sdb \/media\/xavior\/KINGSTON vfat rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,uid=1000,gid=1000,fmask=0022,dmask=0022,codepage=437,iocharset=iso8859-1,shortname=mixed,showexec,utf8,flush,errors=remount-ro 0 0\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">findmnt --fstab<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">TARGET                                     SOURCE                                    FSTYPE OPTIONS\n\/                                          UUID=1e6402aa-22a8-4774-ba35-ea349e77b9a0 ext4   errors=remount-ro\n\/boot\/efi                                  UUID=5070-83DD                            vfat   umask=0077\nnone                                       \/swapfile                                 swap   sw\n\/home\/xavior\/Documents\/1_RESEAU\/photos     \/\/192.168.1.10\/photo                      cifs   credentials=\/home\/xavior\/.smbcredentials,iocharset=utf8,gid=1000,uid=1000,_netdev,sec=ntlmv2\n\/home\/xavior\/Documents\/1_RESEAU\/multimedia \/\/192.168.1.10\/multimedia2                cifs   credentials=\/home\/xavior\/.smbcredentials,iocharset=utf8,gid=1000,uid=1000,_netdev,sec=ntlmv2\n\/home\/xavior\/Documents\/1_RESEAU\/documents  \/\/192.168.1.10\/mes documents              cifs   credentials=\/home\/xavior\/.smbcredentials,iocharset=utf8,gid=1000,uid=1000,_netdev,sec=ntlmv2\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>point de montage <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Liste des points de montage \u00e0 monter (se modifie manuellement)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">cat \/etc\/fstab<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\"># \/etc\/fstab: static file system information.\n#\n# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a\n# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices\n# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).\n#\n# &lt;file system&gt; &lt;mount point&gt;   &lt;type&gt;  &lt;options&gt;       &lt;dump&gt;  &lt;pass&gt;\n# \/ was on \/dev\/sda5 during installation\nUUID=1e6402aa-22a8-4774-ba35-ea349e77b9a0 \/               ext4    errors=remount-ro 0       1\n# \/boot\/efi was on \/dev\/sda1 during installation\nUUID=5070-83DD  \/boot\/efi       vfat    umask=0077      0       1\n\/swapfile                                 none            swap    sw              0       0\n\n\n# montage r\u00e9seau photo\n\/\/192.168.1.10\/photo\t\/home\/xavior\/Documents\/1_RESEAU\/photos\tcifs\tcredentials=\/home\/xavior\/.smbcredentials,iocharset=utf8,gid=1000,uid=1000,_netdev,sec=ntlmv2\t0\t0\n\n# montage r\u00e9seau multimedia\n\/\/192.168.1.10\/multimedia2    \/home\/xavior\/Documents\/1_RESEAU\/multimedia    cifs    credentials=\/home\/xavior\/.smbcredentials,iocharset=utf8,gid=1000,uid=1000,_netdev,sec=ntlmv2    0       0\n\n# montage r\u00e9seau mes documents\n\/\/192.168.1.10\/mes\\040documents    \/home\/xavior\/Documents\/1_RESEAU\/documents    cifs    credentials=\/home\/xavior\/.smbcredentials,iocharset=utf8,gid=1000,uid=1000,_netdev,sec=ntlmv2    0       0\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Liste des points de montage mont\u00e9s (\u00e0 ne pas \u00e9diter)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">cat \/etc\/mtab<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">sysfs \/sys sysfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0\nproc \/proc proc rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0\nudev \/dev devtmpfs rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,size=8097576k,nr_inodes=2024394,mode=755,inode64 0 0\ndevpts \/dev\/pts devpts rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000 0 0\ntmpfs \/run tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,size=1626480k,mode=755,inode64 0 0\n\/dev\/sda5 \/ ext4 rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro 0 0\nsecurityfs \/sys\/kernel\/security securityfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0\ntmpfs \/dev\/shm tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev,inode64 0 0\ntmpfs \/run\/lock tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,size=5120k,inode64 0 0\ntmpfs \/sys\/fs\/cgroup tmpfs ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,mode=755,inode64 0 0\ncgroup2 \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/unified cgroup2 rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,nsdelegate 0 0\ncgroup \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/systemd cgroup rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,xattr,name=systemd 0 0\npstore \/sys\/fs\/pstore pstore rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0\nefivarfs \/sys\/firmware\/efi\/efivars efivarfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0\nnone \/sys\/fs\/bpf bpf rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,mode=700 0 0\ncgroup \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/perf_event cgroup rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,perf_event 0 0\ncgroup \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/devices cgroup rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,devices 0 0\ncgroup \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/cpuset cgroup rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpuset 0 0\ncgroup \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/cpu,cpuacct cgroup rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpu,cpuacct 0 0\ncgroup \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/hugetlb cgroup rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,hugetlb 0 0\ncgroup \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/net_cls,net_prio cgroup rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,net_cls,net_prio 0 0\ncgroup \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/pids cgroup rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,pids 0 0\ncgroup \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/memory cgroup rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,memory 0 0\ncgroup \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/blkio cgroup rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,blkio 0 0\ncgroup \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/rdma cgroup rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,rdma 0 0\ncgroup \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/freezer cgroup rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,freezer 0 0\nsystemd-1 \/proc\/sys\/fs\/binfmt_misc autofs rw,relatime,fd=28,pgrp=1,timeout=0,minproto=5,maxproto=5,direct,pipe_ino=23156 0 0\nhugetlbfs \/dev\/hugepages hugetlbfs rw,relatime,pagesize=2M 0 0\nmqueue \/dev\/mqueue mqueue rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0\ndebugfs \/sys\/kernel\/debug debugfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0\ntracefs \/sys\/kernel\/tracing tracefs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0\nfusectl \/sys\/fs\/fuse\/connections fusectl rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0\nconfigfs \/sys\/kernel\/config configfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0\n\/dev\/loop1 \/snap\/bare\/5 squashfs ro,nodev,relatime 0 0\n\/dev\/loop2 \/snap\/core\/11798 squashfs ro,nodev,relatime 0 0\n\/dev\/loop3 \/snap\/code\/83 squashfs ro,nodev,relatime 0 0\n\/dev\/loop4 \/snap\/core20\/1242 squashfs ro,nodev,relatime 0 0\n\/dev\/loop5 \/snap\/core20\/1270 squashfs ro,nodev,relatime 0 0\n\/dev\/loop0 \/snap\/code\/82 squashfs ro,nodev,relatime 0 0\n\/dev\/loop6 \/snap\/gnome-3-38-2004\/87 squashfs ro,nodev,relatime 0 0\n\/dev\/loop7 \/snap\/gtk-common-themes\/1515 squashfs ro,nodev,relatime 0 0\n\/dev\/loop8 \/snap\/core18\/2253 squashfs ro,nodev,relatime 0 0\n\/dev\/loop9 \/snap\/core\/11993 squashfs ro,nodev,relatime 0 0\n\/dev\/loop10 \/snap\/gnome-3-34-1804\/77 squashfs ro,nodev,relatime 0 0\n\/dev\/loop11 \/snap\/snap-store\/547 squashfs ro,nodev,relatime 0 0\n\/dev\/loop12 \/snap\/snapd\/14066 squashfs ro,nodev,relatime 0 0\n\/dev\/loop13 \/snap\/gnome-3-34-1804\/72 squashfs ro,nodev,relatime 0 0\n\/dev\/loop14 \/snap\/snap-store\/558 squashfs ro,nodev,relatime 0 0\n\/dev\/loop15 \/snap\/snapd\/14295 squashfs ro,nodev,relatime 0 0\n\/dev\/loop16 \/snap\/gtk-common-themes\/1519 squashfs ro,nodev,relatime 0 0\n\/dev\/loop17 \/snap\/core18\/2246 squashfs ro,nodev,relatime 0 0\n\/dev\/loop18 \/snap\/netbeans\/50 squashfs ro,nodev,relatime 0 0\n\/dev\/loop19 \/snap\/netbeans\/52 squashfs ro,nodev,relatime 0 0\n\/dev\/sda1 \/boot\/efi vfat rw,relatime,fmask=0077,dmask=0077,codepage=437,iocharset=iso8859-1,shortname=mixed,errors=remount-ro 0 0\nbinfmt_misc \/proc\/sys\/fs\/binfmt_misc binfmt_misc rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0\ntmpfs \/run\/user\/1000 tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,size=1626476k,mode=700,uid=1000,gid=1000,inode64 0 0\ngvfsd-fuse \/run\/user\/1000\/gvfs fuse.gvfsd-fuse rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,user_id=1000,group_id=1000 0 0\n\/dev\/fuse \/run\/user\/1000\/doc fuse rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,user_id=1000,group_id=1000 0 0\ntmpfs \/run\/snapd\/ns tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,size=1626480k,mode=755,inode64 0 0\nnsfs \/run\/snapd\/ns\/snap-store.mnt nsfs rw 0 0\n\/dev\/sdb \/media\/xavior\/KINGSTON vfat rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,uid=1000,gid=1000,fmask=0022,dmask=0022,codepage=437,iocharset=iso8859-1,shortname=mixed,showexec,utf8,flush,errors=remount-ro 0 0\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">df -Th<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">Sys. de fichiers Type     Taille Utilis\u00e9 Dispo Uti% Mont\u00e9 sur\nudev             devtmpfs   7,8G       0  7,8G   0% \/dev\ntmpfs            tmpfs      1,6G    2,4M  1,6G   1% \/run\n\/dev\/sda5        ext4       403G    306G   77G  80% \/\ntmpfs            tmpfs      7,8G       0  7,8G   0% \/dev\/shm\ntmpfs            tmpfs      5,0M    4,0K  5,0M   1% \/run\/lock\ntmpfs            tmpfs      7,8G       0  7,8G   0% \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\n\/dev\/loop1       squashfs   128K    128K     0 100% \/snap\/bare\/5\n\/dev\/loop2       squashfs   100M    100M     0 100% \/snap\/core\/11798\n\/dev\/loop3       squashfs   214M    214M     0 100% \/snap\/code\/83\n\/dev\/loop4       squashfs    62M     62M     0 100% \/snap\/core20\/1242\n\/dev\/loop5       squashfs    62M     62M     0 100% \/snap\/core20\/1270\n\/dev\/loop0       squashfs   223M    223M     0 100% \/snap\/code\/82\n\/dev\/loop6       squashfs   248M    248M     0 100% \/snap\/gnome-3-38-2004\/87\n\/dev\/loop7       squashfs    66M     66M     0 100% \/snap\/gtk-common-themes\/1515\n\/dev\/loop8       squashfs    56M     56M     0 100% \/snap\/core18\/2253\n\/dev\/loop9       squashfs   100M    100M     0 100% \/snap\/core\/11993\n\/dev\/loop10      squashfs   219M    219M     0 100% \/snap\/gnome-3-34-1804\/77\n\/dev\/loop11      squashfs    51M     51M     0 100% \/snap\/snap-store\/547\n\/dev\/loop12      squashfs    43M     43M     0 100% \/snap\/snapd\/14066\n\/dev\/loop13      squashfs   219M    219M     0 100% \/snap\/gnome-3-34-1804\/72\n\/dev\/loop14      squashfs    55M     55M     0 100% \/snap\/snap-store\/558\n\/dev\/loop15      squashfs    44M     44M     0 100% \/snap\/snapd\/14295\n\/dev\/loop16      squashfs    66M     66M     0 100% \/snap\/gtk-common-themes\/1519\n\/dev\/loop17      squashfs    56M     56M     0 100% \/snap\/core18\/2246\n\/dev\/loop18      squashfs   493M    493M     0 100% \/snap\/netbeans\/50\n\/dev\/loop19      squashfs   503M    503M     0 100% \/snap\/netbeans\/52\n\/dev\/sda1        vfat        96M     63M   34M  66% \/boot\/efi\ntmpfs            tmpfs      1,6G     64K  1,6G   1% \/run\/user\/1000\n\/dev\/sdb         vfat        15G    5,9G  8,7G  41% \/media\/xavior\/KINGSTON\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"iii-swap\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"III_Swap\"><\/span>III Swap<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Le swap peut \u00eatre soit sur une partition d\u00e9di\u00e9e soit sur un fichier. Pour le voir :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">swapon -s\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"\" class=\"\">Nom de fichier\t\t\t\tType\t\tTaille\tUtilis\u00e9\tPriorit\u00e9\n\/swapfile                              \tfile    \t16777212\t657920\t-2<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Le swap s&rsquo;enclenche \u00e0 partir d&rsquo;un taux de remplissage physique de la m\u00e9moire. G\u00e9n\u00e9ralement il est de 60%. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">cat \/proc\/sys\/vm\/swappiness<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">60<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour modifier cette valeur (pour cas sp\u00e9cifique), il faut ajouter des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s dans le fichier <strong>\/etc\/sysctl.d\/99-swappiness.conf :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>vm.swappiness=20<\/strong>   pour un d\u00e9clenchement du swap \u00e0 prtir de 20% d&rsquo;occupation m\u00e9moire physique<\/li><li><strong>vm.vfs_cache_pressure=50 <\/strong>pour garder plus liens des fichiers en m\u00e9moire (acc\u00e9ler l&rsquo;acc\u00e8s aux fichiers)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Puis red\u00e9mmarer le service suivant pour la prise en compte des nouvelles valeurs :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">sudo service procps restart<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Et d\u00e9sactiver\/ r\u00e9-activer le swap pour une prise en compte imm\u00e9diate :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">sudo swapoff -av\nsudo swapon -av<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour cr\u00e9er un <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">fichier<\/span> swap avec une taille bien pr\u00e9cise :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">sudo fallocate -l 512m \/file.swap    \t# Cr\u00e9ation d'un fichier de 0.5G\nsudo chmod 600 \/file.swap\t\t# positionner les bons droits\nsudo mkswap \/file.swap\t\t\t# rendre ce fichier comme fichier d'\u00e9change\nsudo swapon \/file.swap\t\t\t# activer le fichier d'\u00e9change<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Ensuite il faudra renseigner le fichier \/etc\/fstab pour prise en compte au prochain d\u00e9marrage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A l&rsquo;inverse pour retirer un fichier swap :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">sudo swapoff \/file.swap\t\t\t# D\u00e9sactiver la prise en charge de ce fichier d'\u00e9change\nsudo rm \/file.swap\t\t\t# Supprimer le fichier<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Et ne pas oublier d&rsquo;enlever la r\u00e9f\u00e9rence dans le fichier \/etc\/fstab.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"iv-les-fichiers\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"IV_Les_fichiers\"><\/span>IV Les fichiers<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"iv-1-taille-repertoires-fichiers\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"IV1_Taille_repertoiresfichiers\"><\/span>IV.1 Taille r\u00e9pertoires\/fichiers<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">sudo du -sh ~\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">259G\t\/home\/xavior<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">stat Bureau\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">  Fichier : Bureau\n   Taille : 4096      \tBlocs : 8          Blocs d'E\/S : 4096   r\u00e9pertoire\nP\u00e9riph\u00e9rique : 805h\/2053d\tIn\u0153ud : 13631545    Liens : 6\nAcc\u00e8s : (0755\/drwxr-xr-x)  UID : ( 1000\/  xavior)   GID : ( 1000\/  xavior)\nAcc\u00e8s : 2021-12-11 17:54:26.543240701 +0100\nModif. : 2021-12-11 17:54:26.515240590 +0100\nChangt : 2021-12-11 17:54:26.515240590 +0100\n  Cr\u00e9\u00e9 : -<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"iv-2-droits-sur-les-fichiers-repertoires\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"IV2_Droits_sur_les_fichiers_repertoires\"><\/span>IV.2 Droits sur les fichiers \/ r\u00e9pertoires<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Exemple de visualisation des droits sur les fichers et r\u00e9pertoires :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">xavior@mon_pc:~$ ls -alh\ntotal 220K\ndrwxr-xr-x 38 xavior xavior 4,0K f\u00e9vr. 17 22:46 .\ndrwxr-xr-x  3 root   root   4,0K janv. 12 23:35 ..\ndrwxrwxr-x  3 xavior xavior 4,0K janv. 16 18:39 .3T\ndrwxrwxr-x  5 xavior xavior 4,0K f\u00e9vr.  6 10:40 .android\ndrwxrwxr-x  3 xavior xavior 4,0K janv. 15 12:17 Android\ndrwxrwxr-x  3 xavior xavior 4,0K janv. 13 20:30 .arduino\ndrwxrwxr-x  3 xavior xavior 4,0K janv. 13 20:29 arduino\n-rw-------  1 xavior xavior  12K f\u00e9vr. 18 19:21 .bash_history\n-rw-r--r--  1 xavior xavior  220 janv. 12 23:35 .bash_logout\n-rw-r--r--  1 xavior xavior 3,7K janv. 12 23:35 .bashrc\ndrwxr-xr-x  7 xavior xavior 4,0K f\u00e9vr. 17 21:31 Bureau<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour l&rsquo;exemple du r\u00e9pertoire ci-dessous :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">drwxrwxr-x  3 xavior xavior 4,0K janv. 13 20:30 .arduino<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Nous avons les informations suivantes :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>1<sup>\u00e8re<\/sup> colonne : <strong>information sur le type de fichiers et les droits<\/strong> (<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\"><strong>d<\/strong><\/mark><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-green-cyan-color\"><strong>rwxrwxr-<\/strong><\/mark><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-green-cyan-color\">x<\/mark><\/strong>)<ul><li>le premier groupe de lettres (\u00ab\u00a0<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">d<\/mark><\/strong>\u00ab\u00a0) indique le <strong>type de fichiers<\/strong> :<ul><li>\u00ab\u00a0d\u00a0\u00bb pour r\u00e9pertoire<\/li><li>\u00ab\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0\u00bb pour fichier ordinaire<\/li><li>\u00ab\u00a0b\u00a0\u00bb pour fichier de type \u00ab\u00a0sp\u00e9cial block devive\u00a0\u00bb<\/li><li>\u00ab\u00a0c\u00a0\u00bb pour fichier de type \u00ab\u00a0sp\u00e9cial character devive\u00a0\u00bb<\/li><li>\u00ab\u00a0l\u00a0\u00bb pour un lien symbolique<\/li><li>\u00ab\u00a0p\u00a0\u00bb pour un fichier de type \u00ab\u00a0fifo\u00a0\u00bb<\/li><li>\u00ab\u00a0s\u00a0\u00bb pour un fichier de type \u00ab\u00a0socket\u00a0\u00bb<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>le deuxi\u00e8me groupe de lettres (\u00ab\u00a0<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-green-cyan-color\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-green-cyan-color\"><strong>rwxrwxr-<\/strong><\/mark><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-green-cyan-color\">x<\/mark><\/strong><\/strong><\/mark>\u00ab\u00a0) indique les <strong>droits du fichier<\/strong> :<ul><li>ces droits s&rsquo;appliquent pour le propri\u00e9taire, le groupe et autres utilisateurs.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>2<sup>\u00e8me<\/sup> colonne : <strong>propri\u00e9taire <\/strong>du fichier (xavior)<\/li><li>3<sup>\u00e8me <\/sup>colonne : <strong>groupe<\/strong> du fichier (xavior)<\/li><li>4<sup>\u00e8me<\/sup> colonne : <strong>taille<\/strong> du fichier (4,0K)<\/li><li>5<sup>\u00e8me<\/sup> colonne : <strong>date<\/strong> (janv. 13 20:30)<\/li><li>6<sup>\u00e8me<\/sup> colonne : n<strong>om du fichie<\/strong>r (.arduino)<ul><li>rem : le point indique que ce fichier (plus exactement r\u00e9pertoire) est cach\u00e9.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Le positionnement des droits pour un fichier ou un r\u00e9pertoire se d\u00e9finit par :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u00ab\u00a0r\u00a0\u00bb : acc\u00e8s en lecture ou \u00ab\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0\u00bb pour le non acc\u00e8s<\/li><li>\u00ab\u00a0w\u00a0\u00bb : acc\u00e8s en \u00e9criture ou \u00ab\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0\u00bb pour la non modification<\/li><li>\u00ab\u00a0x\u00a0\u00bb : possibilit\u00e9 d&rsquo;\u00e9xecution ou \u00ab\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0\u00bb pour la non execution  (pour un r\u00e9pertoire, c&rsquo;est la possibilit\u00e9 de le traverser)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Ces droits peuvent \u00eatre \u00e9galement repr\u00e9sent\u00e9s par un chiffre :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u00ab\u00a0r\u00a0\u00bb ayant la valeur de 4<\/li><li>\u00ab\u00a0w\u00a0\u00bb ayant la valeur de 2<\/li><li>\u00ab\u00a0x\u00a0\u00bb ayant la valeur de 1<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Ainsi \u00ab\u00a0<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-green-cyan-color\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-green-cyan-color\"><strong>rwxrwxr-<\/strong><\/mark><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-green-cyan-color\">x<\/mark><\/strong><\/strong><\/mark>\u00a0\u00bb correspond \u00e0 7 (4+2+1) pour le propri\u00e9taire, 7 (4+2+1) pour le groupe et 5 (4+1) pour les autres utilisateurs soit 775 au final.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"iv-3-commandes-utiles\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"IV3_Commandes_utiles\"><\/span>IV.3 Commandes utiles<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>chown<\/strong> : changer le propri\u00e9taire et groupe d&rsquo;un fichier<\/li><li><strong>chgrp<\/strong> : changer uniquement le groupe d&rsquo;un fichier<\/li><li><strong>chmod<\/strong> : changer les droits d&rsquo;acc\u00e8s au fichier<\/li><li><strong>getfacl<\/strong> et <strong>setfacl<\/strong> : utile pour exporter ou importer les droits des fichiers d&rsquo;un r\u00e9pertoire<\/li><li><strong>pwd<\/strong> : donne le chemin complet du r\u00e9pertoire courant<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I introduction Quelques commandes permettant de listes ses disques et partitions, cr\u00e9er un swap (fichier) et d\u00e9tails sur les fichiers . II Commandes pratiques II.1 Disques Brouillon : outil DD : copie de disque \/ partition aborder le clone de<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2973","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-non-classe"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogperso.union31.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2973","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogperso.union31.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogperso.union31.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogperso.union31.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogperso.union31.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2973"}],"version-history":[{"count":110,"href":"https:\/\/blogperso.union31.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2973\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3283,"href":"https:\/\/blogperso.union31.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2973\/revisions\/3283"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogperso.union31.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2973"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogperso.union31.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2973"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogperso.union31.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2973"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}